$26.8 billion was invested in the sector in 2018 and is expected to expand steadily until 2025. Global warming, population growth and increasingly sophisticated food preferences indicate varying rationale for investment.

More efficient use of space, year-round production and targeted use of inputs, including water and nutrients, as well as higher yields and freedom from droughts, floods, and pests.

Up-front costs are prohibitive. The energy required can cancel environmental gains. Impact on pollination and communities need also be considered, as well as limitations to crop mix.